Palabras clave
Sus scrofa, Lycalopex gymnocercus, nidos artificiales, predación
Cómo citar
Carpinetti, Bruno N., Emiliano Pinardi, Gabriel Castresana, Pablo Rojas, Pablo G. Grilli, y Mariano L. Merino. 2025. «Uso De Nidos Artificiales Para Determinar El Posible Impacto De Cerdos Silvestres (Sus Scrofa) Sobre Especies De Aves Que Nidifican En El Suelo En Bahía Samborombón (Argentina)». Mammalogy Notes 11 (2), 517. https://doi.org/10.47603/mano.v11n2.517.
Recibido 2025-02-26
Aceptado 2025-08-02
Publicado 2025-08-13
Aceptado 2025-08-02
Publicado 2025-08-13
Resumen
La depredación es la principal causa del fracaso de los nidos para muchas especies de aves, especialmente para aquellas que nidifican en el suelo. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el papel de los cerdos silvestres en la depredación de nidos artificiales ubicados en el suelo, en Bahía Samborombón (Buenos Aires, Argentina), durante la temporada de nidificación de 2021; mediante cámaras trampa. Se obtuvo un total de 174 registros independientes de seis especies, de las cuales Sus scrofa, Lycalopex gymnocercus y Caracara plancus se registraron predando los nidos. Las dos primeras especies se caracterizaron por realizar predación sobre los nidos, principalmente en horarios crepusculares o nocturnos. El cerdo silvestre tiene una actividad más nocturna, registrándose dos picos de actividad: uno entre las 02h00 y las 03h00. Mientras que para el zorro pampeano se registró un pico de actividad de predación sobre los nidos artificiales en el crepúsculo. El presente fue un experimento inicial, pudiendo confirmar la predación de los nidos de las aves que nidifican en el suelo por dos mamíferos, uno autóctono, el zorro pampeano, y otro exótico como el cerdo silvestre.
Citas
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Best LB. 1978. Field sparrow reproductive success and nesting ecology. Auk 95: 9-22. https://doi.org/10.2307/4085491
Bortolus A. 2006. The austral cordgrass Spartina densiflora Brong: its taxonomy, biogeography and natural history. Journal of Biogeography 33: 158–68. https://doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01380.x
Browne M, Turbek SP, Pasian C, Di Giacomo AS. 2021. Low reproductive success of the endangered Iberá Seedeater in its only known breeding site, the Iberá Wetlands, Argentina. Ornithological Applications 123(2):1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duab008
Cabot J, Christie DA, Jutglar F, Sharpe CJ, Garcia E. 2020. Red-winged Tinamou (Rhynchotus rufescens), version 1.0. Birds of the World. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.rewtin1.01
Cagnoni, M. 1999. Espartillares de la costa bonaerense de la República Argentina. Un caso de humedales costeros. En Malvares MI Ed. Buenos Aires: Universidad de Buenos Aires. P. 51–67.
Cagnoni MA, Faggi A. 1993. La vegetación de la Reserva de Vida Silvestre Campos del Tuyú. Parodiana 8:101-112.
Carboneras C, Kirwan GM, Pantoja-Maggi V. 2024. Yellow-billed Pintail (Anas georgica), version 1.1. Birds of the World. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.yebpin1.01.1
Carol E, Kruse E, Pousa J. 2008. Environmental hydrogeology of the southern sector of the Samborombon bay wetland, Argentina. Environmental Geology 54: 95-102. https://doi.10.1007/s00254-007-0796-5
Carol E, Kruse E, Pousa J. 2011. Influence of the geologic and geomorphologic characteristics and of crab burrows on the interrelation between surface water and groundwater in an estuarine coastal wetland. Journal of Hydrology 403: 234-241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.04.007
Codesido, M, Miñarro F, Preliasco P. 2013. Inventario focal de las aves de las estancias La Gloria y El Raigón: sitio piloto Samborombón, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. En G.D. Marino, F. Miñarro, M.E. Zaccagnini y B. López-Lanús Editores: Buenos Aires: Temas de Naturaleza y Conservación, Monografía de Aves Argentinas Nº 9. p. 227-231
Colombo MA, Jauregui A, González E, SeguraLN. 2021. Nesting biology and nest survival of the Grassland Sparrow (Ammodramus humeralis) in grazed grasslands of central-eastern Argentina, Neotropical Biodiversity 7:1, 67-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2021.1888625
Cozzani N, ZalbaSM. 2012. Depredadores de nidos en pastizales del Parque Provincial Ernesto Tornquist (provincia De Buenos Aires, Argentina): Importancia relativa bajo distintas intensidades de pastoreo. El Hornero 27 (2): 137-48 https://doi.org/10.56178/eh.v27i2.652
Crome FHJ, Moore LA. 1990. Cassowaries in north-eastern queensland: Report of a survey and a review and assessment of their status and conservation and management needs. Wildlife Research 17(4), 369-385. https://doi.org/10.1071/WR9900369
Cruz JB, Cruz F, 1987. Conservation of the dark-rumped petrel (Pterodroma phaeopygia) in the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. Biological Conservation, 42(4), 303-311 https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(87)90074-7
Cuthbert R, 2002. The role of introduced mammals and inverse density-dependent predation in the conservation of Hutton’s shearwater. Biological Conservation 108(1), 69–78
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(02)00091-5
Davis SK, 2003. Nesting ecology of mixed-grass prairie songbirds in southern Saskatchewan. Wilson Bulletin 115(1), 119–130 https://doi.org/10.1676/02-138
Di Giacomo AS, Di Giacomo AG, Reboreda JC, 2011. Male and female reproductive success in a threatened polygynous species: the Strange-tailed Tyrant, Alectrurus risora. The Condor 113(3), 619-628
http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cond.2011.100067
Dixon CL. 1978. Breeding biology of the savannah sparrow on Kent Island. Auk, 95(1), 235-246.
https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/95.2.235
Dreibelbis JZ, Melton KB, Aguirre R, Collier BA, Hardin J, Silvy NJ, Peterson MJ. 2008. Predation of Rio Grande wild turkey nests on the Edwards Plateau, Texas. The Wilson Journal of Ornithology, 120(4), 906-910 https://doi.org/10.1676/07-183.1
Fraga R 2020. White-browed Meadowlark (Leistes superciliaris), version 1.0. Birds of the World Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.whbbla2.01
Johann F, Handschuh M, Linderoth P, Dormann CF, Arnold J. 2020. Adaptation of wild boar (Sus scrofa) activity in a human-dominated landscape. BMC Ecology 20: 1-14 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12898-019-0271-7
Gomes V. 2020. Spotted Nothura (Nothura maculosa), version 1.0. Birds of the World Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.sponot1.01
Johnson TN, Kennedy PL, Etterson, MA. 2012. Nest success and cause‐specific nest failure of grassland passerines breeding in prairie grazed by livestock. The Journal of Wildlife Management 76(8): 1607-1616.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.437
Kirwan GM, Korthals A, Hodes CE. 2021. Greater Rhea (Rhea americana), version 2.0. Birds of the World Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.grerhe1.02
Lanyon WE, 1957. The comparative biology of the meadowlarks (Sturnella) in Wisconsin. - Publ. Nuttall Ornithology. Club, No. 1. Cambridge, MA.
Little IT, Hockey PA, Jansen R, 2015. Predation drives nesting success in moist highland grasslands: the importance of maintaining vegetation cover for bird conservation. Ostrich, 86(1–2), 97–111.
https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2015.1005557
Luengos Vidal E, Farías A, Valenzuela AEJ, Caruso N. 2019. Lycalopex gymnocercus. En: SAyDS–SAREM (eds.) Categorización 2019 de los mamíferos de Argentina según su riesgo de extinción. Lista Roja de los mamíferos de Argentina.https://doi.org/10.31687/saremlr.19.127
Major RE, Kendal CE. 1996. The contribution of artificial nest experiments to understanding avian reproductive success: a review of methods and conclusions. Ibis 138(1), 298–307.
https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1474-919X.1996.TB04342.X
Mandujano S. 2024. Índice de Abundancia Relativa y Tasa de Encuentro con Trampas cámara. Mammalogy Notes 10(1):389-418 https://doi.org/10.47603/mano.v10n1.389
Mandujano S, Pérez-Solano LA. 2019. Fototrampeo en R: Organización y análisis de datos. Volumen 1. Xalapa, México: Instituto de Ecología
Martin TE, 1993. Nest predation among vegetation layers and habitat types: revising the dogmas. The American Naturalist, 141(6), 897-913 https://doi.org/ doi: 10.1086/285515
McDonough MT, Ditchkoff SS, Smith MD, Vercauteren KC. 2022. A review of the impacts of invasive wild pigs on native vertebrates. Mammalian Biology 1-12 https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-022-00234-6
Meredith M, Ridout M. 2017. Overview of the overlap package. R project, 1–9.
https://cran.rproject.org/web/packages/overlap/vignettes/overlap.pdf
Merino ML, Carpinetti BN. 2003. Feral pig (Sus scrofa) population estimates in Bahía Samborombón conservation area, Buenos Aires province, Argentina. Mastozoología Neotropical 10(2):269-275.
http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/ib.200787 06e.2019.90.2851 Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sustentable y Aves Argentinas (2017). Categorización de las Aves de la Argentina (2015). Informe del Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sustentable de la Nación y de Aves Argentinas, edición electrónica. C. A. Buenos Aires, Argentina.p.146.
Mori E, Lazzeri L, Ferretti F, Gordigiani L, Rubolin D. 2021. The wild boar (Sus scrofa) as a threat to ground-nesting bird species: an artificial nest experiment. Journal of Zoology 314(4): 311-320
https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.12887
Nolan V. 1963. Reproductive success of birds in deciduous scrub habitat. Ecology 44(1): 305-313 https://10.2307/1932177
Pavlov PM, Crome FHJ, Moore LA. 1992. Feral pigs, rainforest conservation and exotic disease in North Queensland. Wildlife Research, 19(2):179–193 https://doi.org/10.1071/WR9920179
Pérez Carusi LC, Beade MS, Miñarro F, Vila AR, Giménez-Dixon M, Bilenca DN. 2009. Relaciones espaciales y numéricas entre venados de las pampas (Ozotoceros bezoarticus celer) y chanchos cimarrones (Sus scrofa) en el Refugio de Vida Silvestre Bahía Samborombón, Argentina. Ecología Austral 19(1): 63-71 https://ojs.ecologiaaustral.com.ar/index.php/Ecologia_Austral/article/view/1371
Pretelli MG, Isacch JP. 2013. Breeding biology of Spectacled Tyrant (Hymenops perspicillatus) in the southeastern Pampas región, Argentina. The Wilson Journal of Ornithology 125(2):275-279
http://dx.doi.org/10.1676/12-143.1
Pucheta FM, Pereda IM, Di Giacomo AS. 2024. Saffron-cowled Blackbirds’ reduced nest success in Argentina’s agricultural land highlights the importance of non-agricultural habitat for its conservation. Ornithological Applications 126(2) http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duae006
R Core Team 2023. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundaton for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.
Ricklefs RE, 1969. An analysis of nesting mortality in birds. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 9
https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.9
Ridout MS, Linkie M. 2009. Estimating overlap of daily activity patterns from camera trap data. Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics 14(1):322-337 https://doi.org/10.1198/jabes.2009.08038
Roseberry JL, Klimstra WD. 1970. The nesting ecology and reproductive performance of the Eastern Meadowlark. The Wilson Bulletin 82(3):243-267.
Rosell C, Fernández-Llario P, Herrero J. 2001. El jabalí (Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758). Galemys 13(1):1–25.
Rosoni JRR, Fontana CS, Carlos CJ. 2023. Timing of breeding as a determinant of nest success of the vulnerable Chestnut Seedeater (Sporophila cinnamomea) in grasslands of southern South America. Avian Research 14(1), 100082. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avrs.2023.100082
Salvador SA. 2016. Registros de depredadores de huevos, pichones y volantones de aves de Argentina. Acta Zoologica Lilloana 60(2):136-147.
Sanders HN, Hewitt DG, Perotto-Baldivieso HL, VerCauteren KC, Snow NP. 2020 a. Invasive wild pigs as primary nest predators for wild turkeys. Scientific Reports 10(1):2625.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-59543-w
Sanders HN, Hewitt DG, Perotto‐Baldivieso HL, Vercauteren KC, Snow NP. 2020 b. Opportunistic predation of wild turkey nests by wild pigs. The Journal of Wildlife Management 84(2):293-300.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21797
Santos ESA. 2020. Southern Lapwing (Vanellus chilensis), version 1.0. Birds of the World Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.soulap1.01
Senserini D, Santilli F. 2016. Potential Impact of Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) on Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) Nesting Success. Wildlife Biology in Practice. 12(1): 15-20 https://doi.org/10.2461/wbp.2016.12.4
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Trofino Falasco C, Di Giacomo AS, Aranguren MF, Martínez Aguirre T, Grilli PG, Paz EL, Pizzarello MG, Vera DG, Berkunsky I. 2024. Nesting biology of the Hudson´s Canastero (Asthenes hudsoni) and the Bearded Tachuri (Polystictus pectoralis), two threatened and poorly known birds of the Pampas grasslands. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 59(1), 74-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650521.2022.2052685
Tyler, S. 2020. Correndera Pipit (Anthus correndera), version 1.0. Birds of the World Cornell Lab of Ornithology Ithaca, NY, USA https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.corpip1.01
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Best LB. 1978. Field sparrow reproductive success and nesting ecology. Auk 95: 9-22. https://doi.org/10.2307/4085491
Bortolus A. 2006. The austral cordgrass Spartina densiflora Brong: its taxonomy, biogeography and natural history. Journal of Biogeography 33: 158–68. https://doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01380.x
Browne M, Turbek SP, Pasian C, Di Giacomo AS. 2021. Low reproductive success of the endangered Iberá Seedeater in its only known breeding site, the Iberá Wetlands, Argentina. Ornithological Applications 123(2):1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duab008
Cabot J, Christie DA, Jutglar F, Sharpe CJ, Garcia E. 2020. Red-winged Tinamou (Rhynchotus rufescens), version 1.0. Birds of the World. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.rewtin1.01
Cagnoni, M. 1999. Espartillares de la costa bonaerense de la República Argentina. Un caso de humedales costeros. En Malvares MI Ed. Buenos Aires: Universidad de Buenos Aires. P. 51–67.
Cagnoni MA, Faggi A. 1993. La vegetación de la Reserva de Vida Silvestre Campos del Tuyú. Parodiana 8:101-112.
Carboneras C, Kirwan GM, Pantoja-Maggi V. 2024. Yellow-billed Pintail (Anas georgica), version 1.1. Birds of the World. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.yebpin1.01.1
Carol E, Kruse E, Pousa J. 2008. Environmental hydrogeology of the southern sector of the Samborombon bay wetland, Argentina. Environmental Geology 54: 95-102. https://doi.10.1007/s00254-007-0796-5
Carol E, Kruse E, Pousa J. 2011. Influence of the geologic and geomorphologic characteristics and of crab burrows on the interrelation between surface water and groundwater in an estuarine coastal wetland. Journal of Hydrology 403: 234-241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.04.007
Codesido, M, Miñarro F, Preliasco P. 2013. Inventario focal de las aves de las estancias La Gloria y El Raigón: sitio piloto Samborombón, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. En G.D. Marino, F. Miñarro, M.E. Zaccagnini y B. López-Lanús Editores: Buenos Aires: Temas de Naturaleza y Conservación, Monografía de Aves Argentinas Nº 9. p. 227-231
Colombo MA, Jauregui A, González E, SeguraLN. 2021. Nesting biology and nest survival of the Grassland Sparrow (Ammodramus humeralis) in grazed grasslands of central-eastern Argentina, Neotropical Biodiversity 7:1, 67-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2021.1888625
Cozzani N, ZalbaSM. 2012. Depredadores de nidos en pastizales del Parque Provincial Ernesto Tornquist (provincia De Buenos Aires, Argentina): Importancia relativa bajo distintas intensidades de pastoreo. El Hornero 27 (2): 137-48 https://doi.org/10.56178/eh.v27i2.652
Crome FHJ, Moore LA. 1990. Cassowaries in north-eastern queensland: Report of a survey and a review and assessment of their status and conservation and management needs. Wildlife Research 17(4), 369-385. https://doi.org/10.1071/WR9900369
Cruz JB, Cruz F, 1987. Conservation of the dark-rumped petrel (Pterodroma phaeopygia) in the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. Biological Conservation, 42(4), 303-311 https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(87)90074-7
Cuthbert R, 2002. The role of introduced mammals and inverse density-dependent predation in the conservation of Hutton’s shearwater. Biological Conservation 108(1), 69–78
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(02)00091-5
Davis SK, 2003. Nesting ecology of mixed-grass prairie songbirds in southern Saskatchewan. Wilson Bulletin 115(1), 119–130 https://doi.org/10.1676/02-138
Di Giacomo AS, Di Giacomo AG, Reboreda JC, 2011. Male and female reproductive success in a threatened polygynous species: the Strange-tailed Tyrant, Alectrurus risora. The Condor 113(3), 619-628
http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cond.2011.100067
Dixon CL. 1978. Breeding biology of the savannah sparrow on Kent Island. Auk, 95(1), 235-246.
https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/95.2.235
Dreibelbis JZ, Melton KB, Aguirre R, Collier BA, Hardin J, Silvy NJ, Peterson MJ. 2008. Predation of Rio Grande wild turkey nests on the Edwards Plateau, Texas. The Wilson Journal of Ornithology, 120(4), 906-910 https://doi.org/10.1676/07-183.1
Fraga R 2020. White-browed Meadowlark (Leistes superciliaris), version 1.0. Birds of the World Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.whbbla2.01
Johann F, Handschuh M, Linderoth P, Dormann CF, Arnold J. 2020. Adaptation of wild boar (Sus scrofa) activity in a human-dominated landscape. BMC Ecology 20: 1-14 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12898-019-0271-7
Gomes V. 2020. Spotted Nothura (Nothura maculosa), version 1.0. Birds of the World Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.sponot1.01
Johnson TN, Kennedy PL, Etterson, MA. 2012. Nest success and cause‐specific nest failure of grassland passerines breeding in prairie grazed by livestock. The Journal of Wildlife Management 76(8): 1607-1616.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.437
Kirwan GM, Korthals A, Hodes CE. 2021. Greater Rhea (Rhea americana), version 2.0. Birds of the World Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.grerhe1.02
Lanyon WE, 1957. The comparative biology of the meadowlarks (Sturnella) in Wisconsin. - Publ. Nuttall Ornithology. Club, No. 1. Cambridge, MA.
Little IT, Hockey PA, Jansen R, 2015. Predation drives nesting success in moist highland grasslands: the importance of maintaining vegetation cover for bird conservation. Ostrich, 86(1–2), 97–111.
https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2015.1005557
Luengos Vidal E, Farías A, Valenzuela AEJ, Caruso N. 2019. Lycalopex gymnocercus. En: SAyDS–SAREM (eds.) Categorización 2019 de los mamíferos de Argentina según su riesgo de extinción. Lista Roja de los mamíferos de Argentina.https://doi.org/10.31687/saremlr.19.127
Major RE, Kendal CE. 1996. The contribution of artificial nest experiments to understanding avian reproductive success: a review of methods and conclusions. Ibis 138(1), 298–307.
https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1474-919X.1996.TB04342.X
Mandujano S. 2024. Índice de Abundancia Relativa y Tasa de Encuentro con Trampas cámara. Mammalogy Notes 10(1):389-418 https://doi.org/10.47603/mano.v10n1.389
Mandujano S, Pérez-Solano LA. 2019. Fototrampeo en R: Organización y análisis de datos. Volumen 1. Xalapa, México: Instituto de Ecología
Martin TE, 1993. Nest predation among vegetation layers and habitat types: revising the dogmas. The American Naturalist, 141(6), 897-913 https://doi.org/ doi: 10.1086/285515
McDonough MT, Ditchkoff SS, Smith MD, Vercauteren KC. 2022. A review of the impacts of invasive wild pigs on native vertebrates. Mammalian Biology 1-12 https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-022-00234-6
Meredith M, Ridout M. 2017. Overview of the overlap package. R project, 1–9.
https://cran.rproject.org/web/packages/overlap/vignettes/overlap.pdf
Merino ML, Carpinetti BN. 2003. Feral pig (Sus scrofa) population estimates in Bahía Samborombón conservation area, Buenos Aires province, Argentina. Mastozoología Neotropical 10(2):269-275.
http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/ib.200787 06e.2019.90.2851 Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sustentable y Aves Argentinas (2017). Categorización de las Aves de la Argentina (2015). Informe del Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sustentable de la Nación y de Aves Argentinas, edición electrónica. C. A. Buenos Aires, Argentina.p.146.
Mori E, Lazzeri L, Ferretti F, Gordigiani L, Rubolin D. 2021. The wild boar (Sus scrofa) as a threat to ground-nesting bird species: an artificial nest experiment. Journal of Zoology 314(4): 311-320
https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.12887
Nolan V. 1963. Reproductive success of birds in deciduous scrub habitat. Ecology 44(1): 305-313 https://10.2307/1932177
Pavlov PM, Crome FHJ, Moore LA. 1992. Feral pigs, rainforest conservation and exotic disease in North Queensland. Wildlife Research, 19(2):179–193 https://doi.org/10.1071/WR9920179
Pérez Carusi LC, Beade MS, Miñarro F, Vila AR, Giménez-Dixon M, Bilenca DN. 2009. Relaciones espaciales y numéricas entre venados de las pampas (Ozotoceros bezoarticus celer) y chanchos cimarrones (Sus scrofa) en el Refugio de Vida Silvestre Bahía Samborombón, Argentina. Ecología Austral 19(1): 63-71 https://ojs.ecologiaaustral.com.ar/index.php/Ecologia_Austral/article/view/1371
Pretelli MG, Isacch JP. 2013. Breeding biology of Spectacled Tyrant (Hymenops perspicillatus) in the southeastern Pampas región, Argentina. The Wilson Journal of Ornithology 125(2):275-279
http://dx.doi.org/10.1676/12-143.1
Pucheta FM, Pereda IM, Di Giacomo AS. 2024. Saffron-cowled Blackbirds’ reduced nest success in Argentina’s agricultural land highlights the importance of non-agricultural habitat for its conservation. Ornithological Applications 126(2) http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duae006
R Core Team 2023. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundaton for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.
Ricklefs RE, 1969. An analysis of nesting mortality in birds. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 9
https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.9
Ridout MS, Linkie M. 2009. Estimating overlap of daily activity patterns from camera trap data. Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics 14(1):322-337 https://doi.org/10.1198/jabes.2009.08038
Roseberry JL, Klimstra WD. 1970. The nesting ecology and reproductive performance of the Eastern Meadowlark. The Wilson Bulletin 82(3):243-267.
Rosell C, Fernández-Llario P, Herrero J. 2001. El jabalí (Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758). Galemys 13(1):1–25.
Rosoni JRR, Fontana CS, Carlos CJ. 2023. Timing of breeding as a determinant of nest success of the vulnerable Chestnut Seedeater (Sporophila cinnamomea) in grasslands of southern South America. Avian Research 14(1), 100082. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avrs.2023.100082
Salvador SA. 2016. Registros de depredadores de huevos, pichones y volantones de aves de Argentina. Acta Zoologica Lilloana 60(2):136-147.
Sanders HN, Hewitt DG, Perotto-Baldivieso HL, VerCauteren KC, Snow NP. 2020 a. Invasive wild pigs as primary nest predators for wild turkeys. Scientific Reports 10(1):2625.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-59543-w
Sanders HN, Hewitt DG, Perotto‐Baldivieso HL, Vercauteren KC, Snow NP. 2020 b. Opportunistic predation of wild turkey nests by wild pigs. The Journal of Wildlife Management 84(2):293-300.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21797
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